Robots with genuine people personalities!

It is 2019 and a good reason to write about robots!

Robots and Ethics: Considering Human Behavior and IT'S Implications
Human Behavior and Robots

Robots and artificial intelligence machines are slowly entering the workplace, and your house. They are even more popular on social media and entertainment, you might even see an automated car being driven by … no one. Today you might do a double-take, but soon this might become the norm. Isaac Asimov’s ‘Three Laws of Robotics’ has been debated over and over. His Robot series (books) have been studied and admired for ages. Ideas have been pulled out of science-fiction into reality. Robots that look like humans but have machine power and ruthlessness remind people of ‘The Terminator’, so much so that an apocalyptic future is immediately visualized. Somehow, over the years, doom has been equated with robots.

Engineers, psychologists, and scientists, have studied human behavior and predicted that we humans need robots to have ‘human-like’ features, so that they do not intimidate us. The human-esque characteristics is supposed to allow robots to inter-mingle amongst common folk and not stand out. Currently, we see robots in Japan having alluring facial features that are so human-like they can now report as newscasters without issue. Saudi-Arabia has a female robot, beautiful, who will answer any question you have. She has even attained a citizenship in the same country. Unfortunately, driverless cars do not get the same treatment. People are pelting these AI cars, forcing them to stop, sometimes damaging them for fun, sometimes from the fear to relinquishing control to non-humans and possible job loss.

It is only a matter of time that human features, will extend to human characteristics.

Imagining a robot
Imagining a robot (Image from Canva.com)

The day will come when mundane jobs go to robots. And to get humans on board with the idea, robots will have to have humanistic features and making robots ‘cuddly’. Remember the Jetsons? (Hanna & Barbera) George Jetson had to go to work for three hours a day and would return a tired man. I agree with the creators on that aspect, human beings will have jobs and positions that require oversight of robots.

Since the cost of one-function robots (such as those used in manufacturing) will reduce, it will make it financially viable for menial jobs to be fulfilled at cheaper rates, plus they don’t require health insurance. Slightly complicated functions, those requiring multiple steps, such as cleaning (and not solely vacuuming), or cooking,  would be completed by humans. They would just be accompanied with free healthcare, education, food, residence, and a basic stipend to live off of.

But what happens next?

Douglas Adams has already done the work and foretold our future. Genuine People Personalities—GPP—a term coined by Adams in ‘The Ultimate HitchHikers Guide’ will be the next step. The book (which is hilarious) has a ‘sad’ robot named Marvin. The author even discusses why GPP should not be assigned to robots. Imagine you’re having a bad day and your door and windows are annoyingly cheerful instead of commiserating in your misery… Someone’s getting smashed with a hammer! I highly recommend reading it, if you like to laugh 😊

For the record, I prefer a professional and courteous relationship with gadgets and robots. After all, when the time comes, robots will be happier with the humans who had the good sense of being nice to them. If you are wondering why would we humans mistreat robots, its not like they have willpower.

Case and point: We already do. We treat other humans, animals, any inanimate, animated thing lying around the house, anything and anybody, simply awfully. So right now, engineers and scientists are incorporating behavioral responses to robots to ensure that they are not mistreated. Watch what happens when a human kicks a Boston Dynamics robot.

Watch robot dog ‘Spot’ run, walk…and get kicked

Boston Dynamics Robot – Spot can run!

The reaction you just had after watching the video? Empathy. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2015 discussed the very same topic asking whether it was ethical to kick a robot.

Now we ensure that the robots know how to defend themselves or pick themselves up after an encounter.

Say even monotonous robots pass muster and everything is clear and simple. Now what?

Hormones

Now you may wonder, why should anyone want to add hormones to robots? After all their calm, equitable, and un-biased behavior is preferred, correct? Yes… but consider this – uncertainty.

There will be a point when human and animal lives will be considered too precious and we will use robots in their place for any endeavor involving hazard and chance. More to the point, betting on horse and dog racing, boxing, MMA fighting, and football, sports.

It is not a question of IF humans add hormones such as testosterone and estrogen to evoke genuine people personalities and un-certainty, but WHEN. And as the time nears us, rules and ethical questions must be answered.

Should the company be held responsible for accidents? Or should the company destroy the individual robot? Harsher punishments include the person or team designing the algorithm or software update that caused the malfunction? What if the company forced an impossible deadline on the human team to release the update prior to reliability studies? Clearly in this case, the onus is on the company. As mentioned above, there are many various scenarios that the law must take into account. 

To say the least, it will be a very interesting future. One where the physical strength of robots can be significant enough to make people pause and perhaps change their atrocious behavior. Maybe this is what needs to happen to stop domestic violence and human on human acts of violence.

What are your thoughts on the subject? Should we start drafting laws and rules to quell some of the fears and protect our future citizens? Should robots be allowed in the house? If yes, what is the responsibility of the human to take care of the robot? Let me know by leaving a comment.

The Importance of Informed Consent and Medical Ethics

The following post is on the importance of informed consent and medical ethics using examples from the history of gynecology and a more recent example: Gardasil

Today, we all are aware of Margaret Atwood’s ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’. Did you know that there was a time when slaves were used similarly for reproduction and reproductive studies by the ‘Father of Modern Gynecology’?

Don’t believe me?

Read this article which is published by the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2006. The journal article details why the slave women would have had to give some amount of consent as ether anesthesia was not established as a practice during the vesicovaginal fistula operations conducted on these women. This journal article below is a scathing review on Sims’ practice and alleges that he knowingly did not use anesthesia and did not ask for permission from these women. The other two articles are by History.com and the Washington Post on why Sims’ statues have been removed/under attack.

While the two journal articles provide some context, it is still hindsight. So instead imagine this:
If you were kidnapped, stripped of all of your rights as a citizen, and as a human being. You had to do as told, and if this was your entire world and you knew of no other existence. If your captors sold you off to a doctor who promises to take care of you, would you not have gone through with it?
Besides the fact that these women and children were slaves, were not given rights, were illiterate and did not know enough about medical practices, how are we to be positive that they were aware and consented to the gory practices they were subject to?
You might be thinking, sure this sort of nonsense only happened eons ago, it won’t happen today.

Think again!

Below is an example of problematic Informed Consent with the HPV Vaccine Gardasil.

(sources from Nature.com and Sciencemag.org)

Gardasil – the HPV vaccine clinical trials were held in India by US based pharmaceutical companies. Despite having clear obligations and responsibilities outlined for clinical trials have had a lot of issues, including:

  • Failure in obtaining clear, informed consent. (many participants were illiterate and little was done to ensure an adequate provision of explanation).
  • No control group. (Any clinical trial worth its salt will have a control group to support the efficacy claims. Otherwise the claims of success might as well be assigned to random chance, a 50-50% possibility of not getting cervical cancer).
  • No mechanism for reporting adverse effects (this is what lead to many people and news/media outlets claiming that deaths were caused by use of this vaccine).

After the inquiry and media outburst, steps were taken to remedy the issues. The underlying problem although is that these issues should never have occurred, there are clear rules that each clinical trial must adhere to. Please click here to learn about Institutional Review Boards and their function in clinical trials in protecting human rights.

To be clear: The vaccine HAS NOT caused the death of children or women.
Here is an article debunking the entire claim:

I have been a benefactor of this vaccine. I had the opportunity to get the vaccine, and I took it (I didn’t know about the trials at the time and did not have a scientific background to assess the trial information either). I received an education in science from 2012 onward. Death by cervical cancer is horrendous and any chance to lessen that should be taken.

The point of this article is not to degrade the value of vaccines or any medical solution to health problems. The point is, to increase awareness of medical ethics and informed consent.

Gardasil was approved by the FDA in 2006 and has shown good efficacy against cervical cancer (which it does, I do not disagree with that part one bit).  I found this awesome blog post by SkepticalRaptor on the facts and debunking nonsense regarding Gardasil.